2017:Discovery of Repeated Themes & Sections Results

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Introduction

The task: algorithms take a piece of music as input, and output a list of patterns repeated within that piece. A pattern is defined as a set of ontime-pitch pairs that occurs at least twice (i.e., is repeated at least once) in a piece of music. The second, third, etc. occurrences of the pattern will likely be shifted in time and/or transposed, relative to the first occurrence. Ideally an algorithm will be able to discover all exact and inexact occurrences of a pattern within a piece, so in evaluating this task we are interested in both:

  • (1) to what extent an algorithm can discover one occurrence, up to time shift and transposition, and;
  • (2) to what extent it can find all occurrences.

The metrics establishment recall, establishment precision and establishment F1 address (1), and the metrics occurrence recall, occurrence precision, and occurrence F1 address (2).

Contribution

Existing approaches to music structure analysis in MIR tend to focus on segmentation (e.g., Weiss & Bello, 2010). The contribution of this task is to afford access to the note content itself (please see the example in Fig. 1A), requiring algorithms to do more than label time windows (e.g., the segmentations in Figs. 1B-D). For instance, a discovery algorithm applied to the piece in Fig. 1A should return a pattern corresponding to the note content of and , as well as a pattern corresponding to the note content of . This is because occurs again independently of the accompaniment in bars 19-22 (not shown here). The ground truth also contains nested patterns, such as in Fig. 1A being a subset of the sectional repetition , reflecting the often-hierarchical nature of musical repetition. While we recognise the appealing simplicity of linear segmentation, in the Discovery of Repeated Themes & Sections task we are demanding analysis at a greater level of detail, and have built a ground truth that contains overlapping and nested patterns (Collins et al., 2014).


MozartK282Mvt2.png

Figure 1. Pattern discovery v segmentation. (A) Bars 1-12 of Mozart’s Piano Sonata in E-flat major K282 mvt.2, showing some ground-truth themes and repeated sections; (B-D) Three linear segmentations. Numbers below the staff in Fig. 1A and below the segmentation in Fig. 1D indicate crotchet beats, from zero for bar 1 beat 1.


For a more detailed introduction to the task, please see 2017:Discovery_of_Repeated_Themes_&_Sections.

Ground Truth and Algorithms

The ground truth, called the Johannes Kepler University Patterns Test Database (JKUPTD-Aug2013), is based on motifs and themes in Barlow and Morgenstern (1953), Schoenberg (1967), and Bruhn (1993). Repeated sections are based on those marked by the composer. These annotations are supplemented with some of our own where necessary. A Development Database (JKUPDD-Aug2013) enabled participants to try out their algorithms. For each piece in the Development and Test Databases, symbolic and synthesised audio versions are crossed with monophonic and polyphonic versions, giving four versions of the task in total: symPoly, symMono, audPoly, and audMono. There were no submissions to the audPoly or audMono categories this year, so two versions of the task ran. Submitted algorithms are shown in Table 1.


Sub code Submission name Abstract Contributors
Task Version symPoly
CS3 FindThemeAndSection_Poly PDF [ Tsung-Ping Chen]
Task Version symMono
CS7 FindThemeAndSection_Mono PDF [ Tsung-Ping Chen]
VM1'14 VM1 PDF Gissel Velarde, David Meredith

Table 1. Algorithms submitted to DRTS.

Results

(For mathematical definitions of the various metrics, please see 2017:Discovery_of_Repeated_Themes_&_Sections#Evaluation_Procedure.)

SymMono

SymPoly

Results in detail

SymMono

2017 Mono R est.png

2017 Mono P est.png

2017 Mono F1 est.png

2017 Mono R occ 75.png

2017 Mono P occ 75.png

600px

2017 Mono R3.png

2017 Mono P3.png

2017 Mono TLF1.png

Mono Coverage.png

2017 Mono LC.png

SymPoly

2017 Poly R est.png

2017 Poly P est.png

2017 Poly F1 est.png

2017 Poly R occ 75.png

2017 Poly P occ 75.png

2017 Poly F1 occ 75.png

2017 Poly R3.png

600px

2017 Poly TLF1.png

2017 Poly Coverage.png

2017 Poly LC.png